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Geographical distance is the distance measured along the surface of the earth. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic problem. ==Introduction== Calculating the distance between geographical coordinates is based on some level of abstraction; it does not provide an ''exact'' distance, which is unattainable if one attempted to account for every irregularity in the surface of the earth.〔http://www.cartography.org.uk/default.asp?contentID=749〕 Common abstractions for the surface between two geographic points are: *Flat surface; *Spherical surface; *Ellipsoidal surface. All abstractions above ignore changes in elevation. Calculation of distances which account for changes in elevation relative to the idealized surface are not discussed in this article. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「geographical distance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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